Computer Service Technician Essays - Job Scheduling, Computer, 9

Computer Service Technician A Computer System Analyst's job would simply be help devise efficient patterns of information flow from their source to the computer. They also make the computer turn raw data to useful information. They prepare flow charts, diagrams, and record layouts. When interoperating to customers or managers they need to us non-technical language. To me the main part of this job would be managing the company's data. The tools and equipment used in this job may include flow charts and diagrams, reports and reference books, digital voltmeters, plotters and recorders, and terminals. Tools related to computer use would include Modems, computer networks, computers and monitors, computer printouts, computer scanners and optical disk readers. I would really enjoy the computer related tools. The following education classes will be very helpful for being successful for this job. They include, Composition, Algebra, Computer Science, Statistics, English, Calculus, Geometry and Trigonometry. Most likely you would want your Masters Degree for this job. So you could end up in college for over six years. Earnings of this job can be very nice. If you are a client or server you can make about $60,497. Mainframe can make about $56,890. Senior Systems Analyst Make up to $53,176. The last Title being Systems Analyst can make up to $48,053. Of course you will not start making this money right away. You may have to work a couple years until you get into the numbers I listed above. My thoughts on this job were very high. When I began to read from the paper I had got, I realized this would not be a very easy job. I thought all you did was play on computers but that is not the case. You are really going to work if you step into this job. If I had chosen this job I would like it very much because I would get my own office, which I would really like. Also I would really want a computer while I am working on my job. The strong points I have on this job are the ability to work with computers. I also am good with math. Math is really the key to this job. My low points will be, making charts. I believe you have to draw well and even write reports. This is something that I know I will have a hard time doing. Well this was career sheet I picked up. Have you learned what goes on in this job? Would it be easy or hard to you? What are your low points and high points? Well I hoped you like the description and thoughts I made. Just remember no job is ever easy! Business Reports

Sacbe, the Ancient Maya Road System

Sacbe, the Ancient Maya Road System A sacbe (sometimes spelled zac be and pluralized as sacbeob or zac beob) is the Mayan word for the linear architectural features connecting communities throughout the Maya world. Sacbeob functioned as roads, walkways, causeways, property lines, and dikes. The word sacbe translates to stone road or white road but clearly sacbeob had layers of additional meanings to the Maya, as mythological routes, pilgrimage pathways, and concrete markers of political or symbolic connections between city centers. Some sacbeob are mythological, subterranean routes and some trace celestial pathways; evidence for these roadways are reported in Maya myths and colonial records. Finding the Sacbeob Identifying the routes of the sacbe on the ground has been extremely difficult until recently  when techniques such as radar imaging, remote sensing, and GIS became widely available. Of course,  Maya historians remain an important source of information for these ancient roadways. The issue is complex, ironically enough, because there are written records that contradict one another. Several of the sacbe have been identified archaeologically, many others are still unknown but have been reported in colonial period documents such as the Books of Chilam Balam. In my research for this article, I did not discover any explicit discussions on how old the sacbeob are  but based on the ages of the connecting cities, they were functioning at least as early as the Classic period (AD 250-900). Functions In addition to simply roadways that facilitated movement between places, researchers Folan and Hutson argue that sacbeob were visual representations of economic and political connections between centers and their satellites, conveying the concepts of power and inclusion. Causeways may have been used in processions that emphasized this idea of community. One function described in recent scholarly literature is the role of the sacbe road system in the Maya market network. The exchange system of the Maya kept the far-flung (and very loosely connected) communities in touch  and made it possible both to trade goods and make and sustain political connections. Market centers with central locations and associated causeways include Coba, Maax Na, Sayil, and Xunantunich. Deities and Sacbeob Maya deities associated with roadways include Ix Chel in several of her manifestations. One is Ix Zac Beeliz or she who walks the white road. In a mural at Tulum, Ix Chel is shown carrying two small images of the Chaac god as she is walking along a mythological or real roadway. The deity Chiribias (Ix Chebel Yax or the Virgin of Guadalupe) and her husband Itzam Na are sometimes associated with roads, and the legend of the Hero Twins includes a journey through the underworld along several sacbeob. From Cob to Yaxuna The longest known sacbe is the one that stretches 100 kilometers (62 miles) between the Maya centers of Cob and Yaxuna on the Yucatn Peninsula of Mexico, called the Yaxuna-Cob causeway or Sacbe 1. Along Sacbe 1s east-west course are water holes (dzonot), steles with inscriptions and several small Maya communities. Its roadbed measures approximately 8 meters (26 feet) wide and typically 50 centimeters (20 inches) high, with various ramps and platforms alongside. Sacbe 1 was stumbled into by early twentieth century explorers, and rumors of the road became known to the Carnegie Institution archaeologists working at  Cob  by the early 1930s. Its entire length was mapped by Alfonso Villa Rojas and Robert Redfield in the mid-1930s. Recent investigations by Loya Gonzalez and Stanton (2013) suggest that the sacbes main purpose may have been to connect Cob to the large market centers of Yaxuna and, later,  Chichà ©n Itz, in order to better control trade throughout the peninsula. Other Sacbe Examples The Tzacauil sacbe is a solid rock causeway, which starts at the Late Preclassic acropolis of Tzacauil and ends just short of the large center of Yaxuna. Varying in width between 6 and 10 meters, and in height between 30 and 80 centimeters, this sacbes roadbed includes some crudely cut facing stones. From Cob to Ixil, 20 kilometers in length, is a noh be followed and described in the 1970s by Jacinto May Hau, Nicolas Caamal Canche, Teoberto May Chimal, Lynda Florey Folan and William J. Folan. This 6-meter wide sacbe crosses a marshy area and includes numerous small and large ramps. Close to Coba was a fairly large platform next to a vaulted building, which the Maya guides referred to as a customs house or  way station. This road may have defined the boundaries of Cobas urban area and region of power. From Ich Caan Ziho through  Akà ©Ã‚  to Itzmal, is a sacbe approximately 60 km in length, of which only a portion is in evidence. Described by Ruben Maldonado Cardenas in the 1990s, a network of roads still used today leads from Ake to Itzmal. Sources Bolles D, and Folan WJ. 2001.  An analysis of roads listed in colonial dictionaries and their relevance to pre-hispanic linear features in the Yucatan peninsula.  Ancient Mesoamerica  12(02):299-314. Folan WJ, Hernandez AA, Kintz ER, Fletcher LA, Heredia RG, Hau JM, and Canche N. 2009.  Coba, Quintana Roo, Mexico: A Recent Analysis of the Social, Economic and Political Organization of a Major Maya Urban Center.  Ancient Mesoamerica  20(1):59-70. Hutson SR, Magnoni A, and Stanton TW. 2012.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"All that is solid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ : Sacbes, settlement, and semiotics at Tzacauil, Yucatan.  Ancient Mesoamerica  23(02):297-311. Loya Gonzlez T, and Stanton TW. 2013.  Impacts of politics on material culture: evaluating the Yaxuna-Coba sacbe.  Ancient Mesoamerica  24(1):25-42. Shaw LC. 2012.  The elusive Maya marketplace: An archaeological consideration of the evidence.  Journal of Archaeological Research  20:117-155.

Corruption in China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corruption in China - Term Paper Example Cases of grafts and bribery are everyday occurrences. Public fund embezzlement and backdoor deals are another form of corruption experienced in China. There is nepotism in provision of employment opportunities and patronage. Backdoor deals and falsification of statistics as proof of transactions are another source of corruption. This report aims at exploring the root of the corruption rot in china. It further dwells into examining the measures the government and the Chinese public is taking to curb the vice. The challenges faced in the process of controlling corruption and successes realized so far are also explored at length. Impact of such a huge degree of corruption on the economy and politics of China too are scrutinized in details (Kwong, 43). In order to understand the current situation of corruption in China, a start with the history of the Chinese corruption is in order. Corruption situation in the People’s Republic of China bloomed after 1949. The Cadre corruption in post 1949 emanates from the organizational involution of the ruling party of the time. It is a historic cause that implicates the Chinese Communist Party, and the Mao era. The Chinese Communist Party formulated and implemented policies that gave way for corrupt practices. Its institutions, norms and protocols failed to acclimate to a changing post-Mao era. Every state that returns to normalcy after a regime of tyranny and terror suffers high probabilities of immense corruption. The administration that takes over from the dictators has a chief role to play in curbing the possibility of corrupt dealings booming past control. Some other socialist economies that underwent tremendous transitions and experienced unpredictable levels of corruption include post-Soviet Eastern Europe and central Asia. Post-Mao China experienced a similar challenge and corruption became the chief challenge to China’s social and economic development (Kwong, 76). The seed of corruption implanted decades ago has grown into a nightmare for China’s development. Economic freedom has fueled the vice. Corruption has had a great impact on the Chinese politics as politics has a huge impact on corruption. The height of corruption in the country undermines the legitimacy of Chinese Communist Party. A feeling of dissatisfaction by the citizens has led to several public unrests. The most notable of the public unrests is the Tiananmen protest movement of 1989. Citizens are increasingly growing impatient of the economic inequalities caused by the rotten institutions. The public becomes irritated by the levels at which corruption has led to undermining the environment. These factors fuel social unrest and lead to political instability. The political situation of the People’s Republic of China is shaky due to a discontented population. Popular perception of the Chinese people is that there are more corrupt and dishonest Chinese Communist Party (CPP) officials than honest ones. This i s in direct contrast to how the CCP officials were held in high regard in the early 1980s. Chinese elite hold a strong opinion that it is corruption, not quest for democracy that led to the 1989 unrest. Politics of China is to blame for the deep-rooted corruption. The traditional China viewed the leaders who subscribed to the Confucian concept of leadership as the politically correct. Legalists (leadership that valued government of the law) were enemies of the people. Government of the people

The effects of tobacco advertising on youths Research Paper - 1

The effects of tobacco advertising on youths - Research Paper Example In addition, the images in various advertisements relate tobacco smoking with accomplishment, liberty and as a way of relaxing (Farrelly et. al., 2001). Youthful age is considered as an age whereby individuals engage in experimentation process with various things. Therefore, tobacco use is depicted as alluring through the process of advertising, which is appealing to most youths. Furthermore, the media through various forms of adverting plays a role in terms of exposing the youth to tobacco use. Most advertising companies engage in the use of celebrities to promote various tobacco brands. Hence, the youth who mostly associate with celebrities are lured into smoking through advertising with this kind of advertising. Various reports have indicated the fact that the youth are considered as being more approachable to various forms of tobacco advertisements as compared to adults. The forms of advertising that are use by various companies involve print and promotional form of advertising. In addition, newspapers, magazines, and posters have been used by the tobacco industry as a media of advertising (Reddy et.al., 2006). The youthful period is regarded as a very crucial period of an individuals life. The actions of individuals during this stage greatly affect their future in terms of development and their careers. The youthful mainly illustrated by various passionate acts that can either be positive or negative in nature. During this stage, an individual engages in the process of experimentation with everything within their proximity. Tobacco smoking among the youth is considered as a vice that has far-reaching implications in terms of both the health and economic aspects. The main driving force to youth tobacco smoking is the advertisement that is mainly utilized by the tobacco industry (Pollay et. al., 1996). Therefore, advertising is considered as a powerful tool that is highly persuasive, especially among the youth. The process of advertising through

The Significance Of Business Development In Hospitality

The Significance Of Business Development In Hospitality The essay mainly focused on the significance of business development in hospitality, Business Development analyses and evaluates the different aspects of business growth routes and development processes in the international hospitality industry. It considers the essential features of the strategic business context, in which any hospitality organization operates. The hotel industry needs significance business development According to Pizam stases further in the essay following things will be focused similar to, aspire of importance of business development, accepting requires of consumer, how to build up product that can make best to customer want, the main reason for failed hotel business. Victorious hotels are individuals who regularly involved in developing new product that can catch the attention of consumer, for the reason that client are the crucial base of any business, particular in the hospitality sector. Discrimination refers to capability to offer exceptional value to client produce brand loyalty that lowers customer senility to cost (Pizam, 2005 p54) Modifying the business development system features of new products and world class services, toward the inside new markets and the success of any hospitality business depends mainly help to increase hotel revenue, improves customer satisfaction, quality, and achieves important benefits for organizations. According to Hassanien, Dale, Clark (2010) that Hospitality industry improvement refer to the method by which an association uses joint resources in order to launch, get better, modify or extend its present in an accessible in new market. (Hassanien A, et al, 2010 p1-p3) Profitability Successful Hotel industry organizations must regularly search to generate their profitability for new ways to reduce operating expense and grow revenues. Think about outsourcing as a way to reduce expenses, but also weigh up its effect on quality of service. Continuing improvements in technology and ideas have created new opportunities for profitability improvements, but technology improvements must be based on careful Return on profit. Hotel must look to both increases and decreases in room rates. Example Increase in room occupancy and room price once again provides London with the great compliment of being the most money-making city of Europes key hotel markets. The United Kingdom capital was way ahead of the pack significance achieving gross operating revenue per available room. The statement well said David Bailey, deputy managing director, TRI Hospitality Consulting. London hotels enjoyed a strong boost to profitability 23% during December 2009 .The first time since December 2008, Budapest hoteliers achieved amazing growth in profitability. To improve market shares have many wonderful ways, depending on the item for consumption or good service. Customization of services or product refers that enlarge the customers willingness to continue to deal with hotel rather than bidding out the contract at every opportunity. The trick here is to ensure that the high revenue and very fast improve market shares . Business growth goals Doing well business expansion requirements a lot of factors to come together at the exact time. For business growth must have the time to plan and manage the growth, the sales and market strategies must carry in new consumer. Unique product new unique product s creates an entirely targeted new market and provides that excellent improved performance better than old product. New products earn good profit and profit growth depends on market demand and new product introduction. The hotel offers a unique product to consumer. Hotel provides reimbursement that are planned to meet very precise needs, wants and desires of very specific target markets Sustained customer service and a scope of preference in product and services bring in a distinctive relationship between customer and product. (Cedicci et al, July 2007) for example a 5 star hotel in Ramada hotel Jaipur in India has changed many new items in its guest room like Big Flat TV, free internet facility fresh flowers and fruit bucket, laundry facility for the guest staying for more than a week, Bottle of red and white wine to all rooms. These unique ideas not only make easy the guest and make them happy this is shows business development of hotel. . Every big hotel has new market opportunities in Boutique hotels are those hotels which provide outstanding accommodation, furniture in a themed and stylish manner and cater to corporate travellers. Example: The Taj Lake palace Udaipur is one of the best boutique hotels in India. According to (Jones, 2009) boutique hotels was firstly opened in 1980s in USA and then gradually it covered the whole of Europe and finally throughout world. He says that the luxury hotels are in danger zone some watt but at the same time the there has been no effect on the boutique hotels and its growing day by day. Customer or tourist are mostly attracted to the boutique hotels rather than going to the luxury hotels. Most of the largest groups of hotels like intercontinental group of hotel , the Marriott hotel and Taj hotel are launching many boutique hotels in Europe as well as in many others country in the world Managerial urge According to Clark, A(2007) Budget hotels are those hotels which are designed and made according to meet up the fundamental require of the guest by provided that relaxing and very hygienic clean room for a comfortable stay in the hotel as well best budget fare. Budget hotels are totally new concept in all countries. These types hotel comes below five star hotels like as small property. Budget hotel discovered in USA Budget hotels generally comes under 4 star or 5 star property known as Budget Hotels. These kind of hotel do not recommend as many services as the other 5 star and luxury hotels offers, but offer reasonably priced accommodation to the extremely great price for the domestic customers and foreign travellers. Budget hotels are playing significant role Indian hospitality market. Economies scale The term Economies of scale refers to a firms abilityto reduces the cost of producing one unit of goodand services as the volume of production increases. Mass production and economies of scale werecentral concepts in the development of modern economic theory According Economies survey Hospitality industry currently generates more than $100 million in annual revenues, giving significant bulk and purchasing power. Customer attraction and Satisfaction To understand guest is the main key to business excellent improvement. Understanding guest need, necessity is only doable when hotel keep in contact with guest during stay in hotel and after stay, by responsibility explore in the market, must take feedback from guest as regards what guest look forward to any more expectation for next time stay in the hotel. The important of guest satisfaction has become an essential business issue as hotel has realized the significance outcome achieved when providing effective customer service in hotel industry satisfaction has always been important. The ability to satisfy customer, therefore.become the key ingredient of continued success Coopers,P(2002) shows that firm is aware that customers satisfaction and quality can be more important than current financial result creating long term share holder Competition is increasing national and international market new competitors growing fast day by day in hotel industry. EDDYSTONE C. NEBEL III states that Being successful in hotel business depends how much the hotel managing level is strong and power full and how much know about business development. Hotels industry has become very much competitive industry, this affects how hotel need to be managed. Significance of business development in hotels are need to improve standard of service and understanding how the service business differ from good-producing business helps executives manage better to best. Hotels provide both a product and service. The main purpose is that ability to provide great service Competition is main significance of business development Marketers must need to monitor other competitors product and must be development distribution method to make high competitions with other hotels. Brand and image improvement. In to have better brand image the particular brand should be advertize and marketed well and they should be innovative pricing which would attract more guests to visit the particular branded property (Anon, 2008) In India has many highly branded hotels as like Taj, ITC,but Oberoi hotel group is one most highly trusted brand in Hospitality industry in India. An Oberoi hotel understands its guest and believes in designing, excellent developing services which make possible it to top their expectation. Oberoi hotels are always willing to take new challenges and needs of their guest, Oberoi hotel is most well organized and methodically managed hotel in India which is really wonderful effort to do its best, to make happy to guest, and hotel gives value for money to guest. Oberoi is mostly known as for world class and very excellence in service. Hotel meets the needs of guest and hotel keep on innovating new product.Brands are seen as product characteristics brand is associated in consumer mind and advertising has a significance influence of consumer image of brand Globalization In all world countries, where Travel and tourism have grow to be a most important export industry, the hospitality sector is the central position for concepts of globalization. Hospitality industry has become the world ¹s largest export industry. The hospitality industry is one of the world ¹s largest employer and arguably one of the largest traders of foreign currency. The hospitality industry plays significance branch bodily in bringing people together with a global community Internationalization The twentieth century was the rapid supply in h internationalization hotel market. Hotels companies expanded market across the world. Example Marriot hotels spread from 29 countries in 1996to 56countries in 1999. Best western is largest internationalization working under a single brand name and western has more than4000 separately owned and operated hotels in the world. Best western offers over 300,000 sleeping bedrooms in 78 countries all over world. Business development the process by which a Hotel industry can get better performance through modify feature and attribute of it recent product or services developing new product or service toward the inside new market In the hospitality industry. Conclusion This essay y highlight the importance of business development within hospitality industry a. what significance of business development

Sanger Rainsford: The Realist Essay -- essays research papers

Sanger Rainsford: The Realist   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most dangerous game began as a sport for one man. His name is Sanger Rainsford. In Richard Connell’s story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† Sanger Rainsford, an avid hunter, is lost at sea, stranded on â€Å"Ship-Trap† Island-every sailor’s worst nightmare. Rainsford goes through a series of events that prove to be life-altering. Even though Sanger Rainsford went through many trials and tribulations, he never lost his intelligence, composure, or his bravery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rainsford is an intelligent man. Early in the story, â€Å"Rainsford remembered the shots. They had come from the right, and he doggedly swam in that direction† (34). Rainsford had just fallen in the water, swam fifty feet further out, but he kept his senses in the right direction. In total darkness, Rainsford used his intelligence and intellect to reach the land. Also, I don’t think that Rainsford knew he was being sized up when Zaroff was staring at him, but when â€Å"Rainsford’s bewilderment showed in his face† (100), he quickly understood what Zaroff was leading too. Rainsford wasn’t a murderer. Sure he liked to hunt game, but he wasn’t bored as Zaroff was. Rainsford never bought into all the old tales. ‘â€Å"One superstitious sailor can taint the whole ship’s company with fear†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (20). He never got worked up or stressed out.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rainsford kept his composure. He stood for right and wrong, but was content through dinner. ‘â€Å"...

Brand Loyalty from a Multi-Faceted Perspective Essay

Brand loyalty is the ‘Holy Grail’ to all marketing organizations. Marketing practitioners are consumed by it. They search. They try. They dream. They want to achieve the ultimate in brand loyalty, making it so airtight that no competition can lure their consumers from their brands of products. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fit-all methodology. Competition is dynamic. There’s no way to accurately anticipate what the creativity of their competitors can bring to the marketplace, which can lead to the eventual overwhelming of an established brand. There’s no telling how the motivations and perceptions of their customers may change, having inundated by communications in every conceivable fashion on a daily basis. Yet the organizations that can achieve strong brand loyalty for their products can ensure profitability for their stakeholders. Those who cannot shall perish in the war of the marketplace. Building strong brand loyalty for a company’s products is not just an idea, or a one hit wonder. Rather, building strong brand loyalty is a process that requires management excellence. For this reason we look at brand loyalty from a multi-faceted perspective. Somewhere out there, among the numerous ideas and theories, may lie one that may help turn the fortune of an organization. Hà ¤rtel, C., Russell-Bennett, R., Worthington, S. (2010). Brand Management. A Tri-dimensional Approach for Auditing Brand Loyalty, 17(4), 243-253. Retrieved from http://palgrave-journals.com/bm/. In this article, the authors outline a framework for conducting a brand loyalty audit that uses a tri-dimensional approach, which are, cognitive (I think), emotive (I feel) and behavioral (I do) response. With different levels and intensity of brand loyalty, the tri-dimensional approach allows the manager to target the significant market segments more effectively. The authors have very strong academic credentials from universities in Australia. Worthington is a Professor of Marketing at Monash University specializing in distribution of financial services. Russel-Bennett is an Associate Professor at Queensland University with research and consulting work on the role of emotions in organizational and consumer behavior. Hà ¤rtel is a Professor of Organizational Behavior and Development and Director of the Social and Economic Interface Research at Monah University. In conducting the audit, the first step is to measure the current level of emotional, cognitive and behavioral loyalty, and then, in step two, prioritize the segments. Once the priorities are set, the manager will have to strategize to increase loyalty (if it is low) or maintain loyalty (if it is high). Thus, this article is for managers looking to evaluate the strength and flaws of their product, with the goal of brand loyalty in mind. This article has 24 references; nearly half of these references are based on the authors’ previous research involving brand loyalty and marketing, the other references help to build on concepts and research examples. The tri-dimensional audit faces two challenges. First, the framework is untested and therefore requires validation across product types. Second, the level of influence on priority and strategies is not knowable and therefore is subject to arbitration. More work has to be done on this model. Nevertheless, it introduces new ideas in understanding brand loyalty. Babur, M. N. & Naveed, F. (2011). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. The Real Battle Starts Now; Moving Beyond Brand Management, 2(12), 629- 635. Retrieved from http://ijcrb.webs.com. This article looks to examine the steps an organization can take after establishing the brand to achieve sustained brand loyalty. This can be achieved through continuous advertising and managing ethical burden. The authors describe ethical burden as the necessity of company to charge real cost of doing business, ensure quality of products and services and develop strong customer relations. The focus group study with a sample of 50 business professionals contends that by managing ethical burden with continuous advertising, it can lead to creating positive brand image and hence, brand loyalty, that will sustain the brand in the long term through repeat buying phenomena. Babur is an Assistant Professor and Principal at ISRA University, Islamabad Campus Pakistan. Naveed is a Senior Research Associate at Riphah International University, Islamabad Pakistan. There are 15 references in this article. The authors use these references to elaborate on concepts relating to marketing in regards to ethical burden, brand image, brand loyalty and, advertising in general. The results of the study indicate that a large portion of the repeat buying behavior is due to unexplained factors across purchasing occasions. The authors state that this study has a 72% of reliability, but did not show the calculation of how the number was derived. The written English is weak and some descriptions are not so clear. Despite this deficiency, this article provides marketing managers with another perspective to sustain brand loyalty. In regards to the 72% reliability, further research can incorporate quantitative methods of research to indentify outliers, which can lead to a more accurate study. Furthermore, additional research should link the actual strategy of using ethical burden and continuous advertising to sustain brand loyalty – preventing or postponing the decline of a mature brand in its product life cycle. Alwi, S. F. S. (2009). International Journal of Business and Society. Online Corporate Brand Images and Consumer Loyalty, 10(2), 1-19. Retrieved from http://feb.unimas.my. This article examines how, traditionally, organizations build their brand image targeting consumers through media such as television, newspapers, and radio. With the advent of online media, the author evaluates if offline brand success can be translated to a positive corporate brand image perception in the online environment. Using the personification approach, a sample of consumers was asked to rank a list of companies (by imagining the company was a human being) based on five main criteria: agreeableness; competence; ruthlessness; chic; and enterprise. The results were, then, compared to several pieces of previous research from both offline, and online perspectives. Syed Alwi is a Professor in the Faculty of Business & Accountancy at the University of Malaya in Malaysia. She received an honors degree in Business Management, and completed her Masters in Marketing all at Salford University in the United Kingdom. She received her PhD in Marketing at the University of Manchester. Managers looking to integrate their marketing plans into the online environment would find this information extremely useful. The article has about 50 references; most of which are used to incorporate ideas and results from previous research. The other references are used to build concepts involving the transition of marketing and branding into online media. When applying the personification results to previous research, it shows that there is a high correlation between high scores in the categories of agreeableness and informality, when compared to a high level of brand loyalty of online consumers. Therefore, for an organization to translate previous brand success to online success, it must portray itself as pleasant, friendly, supportive, open, easy and outgoing to targeted consumers. Using a research method like this seems arbitrary and a more structured research method like a longitudinal study would probably give less erratic results. Anderson, K. & Sharp, B. (2010). International Journal of Market Research. Do Growing Brands win Younger Consumers?, 52(4), 433-441. doi: 10.2501/S1470785309201387 This article attempts to shed some light on the presumption that younger consumers are less loyal and more willing to try new brands than older consumers. The authors analyzed 230 brands from 12 categories such as coffee, beer, internet service provider, and mobile phone. By comparing two periods of data, the authors were able to determine which brands grew and which declined. The results of each brand were, then, compared to an age profile. Consumers under the age of thirty were defined as ‘young’, and those over the age of fifty five were defined as ‘mature’. The research concludes that younger consumers are slightly easier to attract. This is because young consumers are more willing to take risks and their styles are not so fixed, whereas older consumers are more attached to certain existing brands. It is not easy to change the loyalty of buyers, but it is possible. Brand loyalty is indeed alive and well, it is not entirely entrenched. Sharp is a Professor of Marketing Science and Director of the Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science at the University of South Australia. Anderson is a Research Associate at the Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science at the University of South Australia. Sharp has published several academic papers and books including, â€Å"How Brands Grow† published by Oxford University Pres. Only 10 references are used as most of their data was purchased from one source, the other references allow them to compare data with similar works and draw scholarly conclusions. This article provides a new perspective that while the presumption that it is easier to attract younger consumers is true, the established marketers, to whom this article is intended for, should not target the younger consumers exclusively. Further research should use a larger variety of sources emphasizing exactly how a growing brand should target certain demographic groups in order to achieve greater sales volume. Grzeskowiak, S., Krishen, A. S., Labreque, L. I. (2011). Journal of Brand Management. Exploring Social Motivations for Brand Loyalty: Conformity versus Escapism, 18(7), 457-472. doi:10.1057/bm.2011.12 The authors identify two central moderating variables that explain brand loyalty, which are product knowledge and self-image congruence. Self-image congruence enhances brand loyalty for consumers who desire to conform to the groups or societies they are in. However, those that want to break away from these groups are called escapism-motivated consumers. Escapism-motivated consumers derive their brand loyalty from product knowledge, but product knowledge inhibits brand loyalty for those who are bound to conformity. This study shows that common communications for these two groups are asymmetrical. Labrecque is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at Northern Illinois University. She received her PhD in Marketing at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Krishen is an Assistant Professor of Marketing at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Krishen logged 13 years of corporate experience before receiving her Masters and PhD in Marketing from Virginia Tech. The authors used about 60 cited references. However, only a handful of these references are used to expand on key concepts. Most of them are used to elaborate on results using graphs, tables, and cross tabulation. This study highlights the challenges facing the marketers when developing advertising messages for their intended audience. The marketers have to be mindful of the implication of their communications to their diverse group of consumers. This study, though, is limited to focusing only on two motivations – conforming versus escaping. But there are numerous other social motives that are likely to affect brand loyalty. Further research should be done to explore these boundaries. References Ahn, K., Hur, W., Kim, M. (2011). Management Decision. Building Brand Loyalty through Managing Brand Community Commitment, 49(7), 1194-1213. doi: 10.1108/ 00251741111151217 Alwi, S. F. S. (2009). International Journal of Business and Society. Online Corporate Brand Images and Consumer Loyalty, 10(2), 1-19. Retrieved from http://feb.unimas.my. Anderson, K. & Sharp, B. (2010). International Journal of Market Research. Do Growing Brands win Younger Consumers?, 52(4), 433-441. doi: 10.2501/S1470785309201387 Babur, M. N. & Naveed, F. (2011). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. 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