When Scientists Sin, And Leonard Cassuto s Paper

A key mechanism of societal function is money. Whether manifested as the cash needed to buy groceries or as the funds required to wage war or make investments, money is an essential element of what drives the developed world. This concept has an immense impact on scientific research, and it is found to be especially prevalent within both Michael Shermer’s article â€Å"When Scientists Sin† and Leonard Cassuto’s paper â€Å"Big Trouble in the World of ‘Big Physics,’† chiefly through an emphasis on the pressure for scientists and the scientific community to provide results. While this is not surprising, the extent to which it is able to negatively affect the reputability and quality of science is, and this is quite disturbing. Much of Shermer’s†¦show more content†¦This is only reinforced by Cassuto’s work, as it discusses at length the â€Å"publish or perish† (Cassuto, 228) nature of scientific research. In an environment where highly visible success—the type of success that Schà ¶n embodied before his fraudulence was revealed—is needed in order to sustain a career, it seems that the system which dictates success should have nearly impassable safeguards against fraudulent achievement of that success. However, despite all that is both fiscally and less tangibly—chiefly by way of reputation and public trust—at stake, that may not be the case. Much of the discussion surrounding Schà ¶n’s scandal within Cassuto’s paper was centered on disappointment with the scientific community and the process that allowed Schà ¶n to gain his fame with falsified research results, in addition to disappointment with Schà ¶n for his fraudulence. Failures within the former are perhaps more severe than the transgressions of the latter, however, as a lack of competency within the review process can afford for the perpetuation of fraud, while Schà ¶n’s disregard for adequately performed science is, in and of itself, an isolated case. This process, peer review, is supposed â€Å"to weed out substandard work,† (Cassuto, 232) and—perhaps just as, or even more, importantly—it â€Å"governs external funding,† (Cassuto, 232). As peer review determines what is

The Impact Of Digital Technology On Consumer Electronics,...

Abstract-With the rapid development of digital technology in consumer electronics, advertising and notification system has greater importance. Earlier systems had the drawback that the notice board or systems that were to display notice has been done manually. The idea proposed to this project is that using GSM technology so that the updates could be made with mobile and check for the authority in the system. So updates to these notice boards could be made through a simple SMS. The importance of notice in academic is well known to us but this system could be not only in the school or educational but also for commercial purposes such as advertising or emergency notification system. Keywords: GSM modem, AVR 328, visual basic 6.0, LCD Display. I. Introduction This is an embedded based project. An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software and perhaps other mechanical parts designed to perform a specific function. A Notice Board is a very essential device in any institution/organization or public utility place like bus stations, railway stations and parks. The big problem with these displays is to carry a computer or special keyboard for generating and sending messages to LCD moving display board dynamically. Carrying a host computer or special keyboard every time to generate message for LCD display boards is big headache and also increase cost if it go for wireless based message sending. To make the LCD display more portable, a GSM mobile phone is usedShow MoreRelatedImpact of Social Media on Strategy and Marketing3210 Words   |  13 Pagesconcept of Marketing is very simple- it is business success through a process of understanding and meeting customer needs and requirements. (Drummond, Ensor and Ashford, 2008) Technology now days are changing markets, mainly marketing communication and consumer behaviour. 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Principles of Corporate Finance Market Price Bond

Question: Describe about the Principles of Corporate Finance for Market Price Bond. Answer: 1. Face value of the bonds = $ 1000 Coupon payment = 15% of 1000 = $ 150 paid semi-annually Time remaining to maturity = 4 years Current market price of the bond = $890 Hence, YTM would be the discount rate at which the present value of the expected payments from the bond would be equal to $ 890 (Damodaran, 2008). This comes out as 20.27% pa from the calculation shown below. Half Year Cash inflow PV of cash flows 1 75 68.10 2 75 61.83 3 75 56.14 4 75 50.97 5 75 46.28 6 75 42.02 7 75 38.15 8 1075 496.51 Total 860.00 Thus, YTM = 20.27%pa. 2. As per Fischer effect equation, (1+Real Interest Rate)*(1+Inflation rate) = (1+Nominal Interest Rate) Hence, (1+Real Interest Rate)*(1.03) = 1.14 Thus, 1+Real Interest Rate = 1.1068 Solving the above, Real interest rate = 10.68% pa 3. Let the price today be $ X Thus, Return on Stock = [(Next year price - Current Price + Dividend)/Current Price]*100 Here, next year price = $ 78, Dividend = $ 6, Return on stock = 10% Hence, 0.1 = (78-X+6)/X Solving the above, we get X = $ 76.36 4. As per the information given, EMI = $ 220, Principal = $ 5,000, Interest rate per month= 2% We use the formula for EMI which is stated below EMI = P*R*(1+R)N/((1+R)N -1) Here N is the time period in months which is unknown Hence, 220 = 5000*0.02*(1.02)N/[(1.02)N-1] Solving the above we get, N = 30.59 months or 31 months Nominal Annual Interest Rate = Monthly rate * 12 = 2* 12 = 24% pa Annual Effective Rate = [(1+0.02)12 -1] = 26.82% pa 5. As per the question, money to the tune of $ 4,000 would be deposited at the end of 2nd, 3rd and 4th year. Starting amount in the account at the beginning of the 1st year = $ 7,000 Interest rate = 8% pa Hence, amount at the end of the three years = 7000(1.08)3 + 4000(1.08) + 4000 = $ 17,138 Amount at the end of the four years = 7000(1.08)4 + 4000(1.08)2 + 4000(1.08)+ 4000 = $ 22,509 6. Expected Sales = $ 600,000 Hence, current assets = 0.65*600000 = $ 390,000 Fixed assets = $ 1,600,000 Thus, total assets = 1,600,000 + 390,000 = $ 1,990,000 EBIT = 0.18*600000 = $ 108,000 Non-current liabilities = 0.45*Fixed Assets = 0.45*1,600,000 = $ 720,000 Hence, interest expense = 0.07*720000 = $50,400 Hence, PBT (Profit before tax) = EBIT interest = 108000 50400 = $ 57,600 Since no tax is applicable for the company, hence PBT and PAT are equal. ROA = (Net profit or PAT/Total Assets)*100 = (57600/1990000)*100 = 2.89% 7. The relevant model to be used is Gordon Dividend Growth Model. As per this model, Intrinsic market price = Next year dividend /(Required return Dividend Growth Rate) Next year dividend = 1.8*1.04 = $ 1.872 Price of share = 1.872/(0.16-0.04) = $ 15.6 8. The various benefits of a just in time inventory system are highlighted below (Brealey, Myers Allen, 2008). The inventory holding costs are minimised since the inventory stock held is minimal. There is high inventory turnover and hence minimal inventory obsolescence. The cash investment in terms of inventory is lower which provides additional liquidity to the company. The mistakes in the production are easier to spot which saves time and fixing costs. The various costs of a just in time inventory system are highlighted below (Parrino Kidwell, 2011). Significant delays if the supplier cannot supply the inventory on time An elaborate end to end IT infrastructure is required for the integration of the client and supplier so that orders are automatically placed based on the orders received. Any unexpected increase in demand in product may have adverse consequences since the availability of inventory cannot be increased at short notices specially where there is little in way of idle capacity. 9. The nominal value of the investment does not consider the impact of time value of money and hence is equal to the sum of all cash inflows = 10000 + 15000 + 11000 + 20000 = $ 56,000 The appropriate amount that B should pay for this investment is equal to the present value of these investments. The expected returns on the investment is given as 6% pa Appropriate amount = 10000/1.065 + 15000/1.066 + 11000/1.067 + 20000/1.068 = $ 37,910.9 Assuming that the opportunity cost of money or time value of money is zero, hence maximum amount payable is equal to the nominal value or $ 56,000 (Petty et. al., 2015). References Brealey, R, Myers, S Allen, F 2008, Principles of Corporate Finance (Global edition), 10th edn, McGraw Hill Publications, New York Damodaran, A 2008, Corporate Finance, 2nd edn, Wiley Publications, London Parrino, R Kidwell, D 2011, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 3rd edn, Wiley Publications, London Petty, JW, Titman, S, Keown, AJ, Martin, P, Martin JD Burrow, M 2015, Financial Management: Principles and Applications,6th edn, Pearson Australia, Sydney

Computer Service Technician Essays - Job Scheduling, Computer, 9

Computer Service Technician A Computer System Analyst's job would simply be help devise efficient patterns of information flow from their source to the computer. They also make the computer turn raw data to useful information. They prepare flow charts, diagrams, and record layouts. When interoperating to customers or managers they need to us non-technical language. To me the main part of this job would be managing the company's data. The tools and equipment used in this job may include flow charts and diagrams, reports and reference books, digital voltmeters, plotters and recorders, and terminals. Tools related to computer use would include Modems, computer networks, computers and monitors, computer printouts, computer scanners and optical disk readers. I would really enjoy the computer related tools. The following education classes will be very helpful for being successful for this job. They include, Composition, Algebra, Computer Science, Statistics, English, Calculus, Geometry and Trigonometry. Most likely you would want your Masters Degree for this job. So you could end up in college for over six years. Earnings of this job can be very nice. If you are a client or server you can make about $60,497. Mainframe can make about $56,890. Senior Systems Analyst Make up to $53,176. The last Title being Systems Analyst can make up to $48,053. Of course you will not start making this money right away. You may have to work a couple years until you get into the numbers I listed above. My thoughts on this job were very high. When I began to read from the paper I had got, I realized this would not be a very easy job. I thought all you did was play on computers but that is not the case. You are really going to work if you step into this job. If I had chosen this job I would like it very much because I would get my own office, which I would really like. Also I would really want a computer while I am working on my job. The strong points I have on this job are the ability to work with computers. I also am good with math. Math is really the key to this job. My low points will be, making charts. I believe you have to draw well and even write reports. This is something that I know I will have a hard time doing. Well this was career sheet I picked up. Have you learned what goes on in this job? Would it be easy or hard to you? What are your low points and high points? Well I hoped you like the description and thoughts I made. Just remember no job is ever easy! Business Reports

Sacbe, the Ancient Maya Road System

Sacbe, the Ancient Maya Road System A sacbe (sometimes spelled zac be and pluralized as sacbeob or zac beob) is the Mayan word for the linear architectural features connecting communities throughout the Maya world. Sacbeob functioned as roads, walkways, causeways, property lines, and dikes. The word sacbe translates to stone road or white road but clearly sacbeob had layers of additional meanings to the Maya, as mythological routes, pilgrimage pathways, and concrete markers of political or symbolic connections between city centers. Some sacbeob are mythological, subterranean routes and some trace celestial pathways; evidence for these roadways are reported in Maya myths and colonial records. Finding the Sacbeob Identifying the routes of the sacbe on the ground has been extremely difficult until recently  when techniques such as radar imaging, remote sensing, and GIS became widely available. Of course,  Maya historians remain an important source of information for these ancient roadways. The issue is complex, ironically enough, because there are written records that contradict one another. Several of the sacbe have been identified archaeologically, many others are still unknown but have been reported in colonial period documents such as the Books of Chilam Balam. In my research for this article, I did not discover any explicit discussions on how old the sacbeob are  but based on the ages of the connecting cities, they were functioning at least as early as the Classic period (AD 250-900). Functions In addition to simply roadways that facilitated movement between places, researchers Folan and Hutson argue that sacbeob were visual representations of economic and political connections between centers and their satellites, conveying the concepts of power and inclusion. Causeways may have been used in processions that emphasized this idea of community. One function described in recent scholarly literature is the role of the sacbe road system in the Maya market network. The exchange system of the Maya kept the far-flung (and very loosely connected) communities in touch  and made it possible both to trade goods and make and sustain political connections. Market centers with central locations and associated causeways include Coba, Maax Na, Sayil, and Xunantunich. Deities and Sacbeob Maya deities associated with roadways include Ix Chel in several of her manifestations. One is Ix Zac Beeliz or she who walks the white road. In a mural at Tulum, Ix Chel is shown carrying two small images of the Chaac god as she is walking along a mythological or real roadway. The deity Chiribias (Ix Chebel Yax or the Virgin of Guadalupe) and her husband Itzam Na are sometimes associated with roads, and the legend of the Hero Twins includes a journey through the underworld along several sacbeob. From Cob to Yaxuna The longest known sacbe is the one that stretches 100 kilometers (62 miles) between the Maya centers of Cob and Yaxuna on the Yucatn Peninsula of Mexico, called the Yaxuna-Cob causeway or Sacbe 1. Along Sacbe 1s east-west course are water holes (dzonot), steles with inscriptions and several small Maya communities. Its roadbed measures approximately 8 meters (26 feet) wide and typically 50 centimeters (20 inches) high, with various ramps and platforms alongside. Sacbe 1 was stumbled into by early twentieth century explorers, and rumors of the road became known to the Carnegie Institution archaeologists working at  Cob  by the early 1930s. Its entire length was mapped by Alfonso Villa Rojas and Robert Redfield in the mid-1930s. Recent investigations by Loya Gonzalez and Stanton (2013) suggest that the sacbes main purpose may have been to connect Cob to the large market centers of Yaxuna and, later,  Chichà ©n Itz, in order to better control trade throughout the peninsula. Other Sacbe Examples The Tzacauil sacbe is a solid rock causeway, which starts at the Late Preclassic acropolis of Tzacauil and ends just short of the large center of Yaxuna. Varying in width between 6 and 10 meters, and in height between 30 and 80 centimeters, this sacbes roadbed includes some crudely cut facing stones. From Cob to Ixil, 20 kilometers in length, is a noh be followed and described in the 1970s by Jacinto May Hau, Nicolas Caamal Canche, Teoberto May Chimal, Lynda Florey Folan and William J. Folan. This 6-meter wide sacbe crosses a marshy area and includes numerous small and large ramps. Close to Coba was a fairly large platform next to a vaulted building, which the Maya guides referred to as a customs house or  way station. This road may have defined the boundaries of Cobas urban area and region of power. From Ich Caan Ziho through  Akà ©Ã‚  to Itzmal, is a sacbe approximately 60 km in length, of which only a portion is in evidence. Described by Ruben Maldonado Cardenas in the 1990s, a network of roads still used today leads from Ake to Itzmal. Sources Bolles D, and Folan WJ. 2001.  An analysis of roads listed in colonial dictionaries and their relevance to pre-hispanic linear features in the Yucatan peninsula.  Ancient Mesoamerica  12(02):299-314. Folan WJ, Hernandez AA, Kintz ER, Fletcher LA, Heredia RG, Hau JM, and Canche N. 2009.  Coba, Quintana Roo, Mexico: A Recent Analysis of the Social, Economic and Political Organization of a Major Maya Urban Center.  Ancient Mesoamerica  20(1):59-70. Hutson SR, Magnoni A, and Stanton TW. 2012.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"All that is solid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ : Sacbes, settlement, and semiotics at Tzacauil, Yucatan.  Ancient Mesoamerica  23(02):297-311. Loya Gonzlez T, and Stanton TW. 2013.  Impacts of politics on material culture: evaluating the Yaxuna-Coba sacbe.  Ancient Mesoamerica  24(1):25-42. Shaw LC. 2012.  The elusive Maya marketplace: An archaeological consideration of the evidence.  Journal of Archaeological Research  20:117-155.

Corruption in China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Corruption in China - Term Paper Example Cases of grafts and bribery are everyday occurrences. Public fund embezzlement and backdoor deals are another form of corruption experienced in China. There is nepotism in provision of employment opportunities and patronage. Backdoor deals and falsification of statistics as proof of transactions are another source of corruption. This report aims at exploring the root of the corruption rot in china. It further dwells into examining the measures the government and the Chinese public is taking to curb the vice. The challenges faced in the process of controlling corruption and successes realized so far are also explored at length. Impact of such a huge degree of corruption on the economy and politics of China too are scrutinized in details (Kwong, 43). In order to understand the current situation of corruption in China, a start with the history of the Chinese corruption is in order. Corruption situation in the People’s Republic of China bloomed after 1949. The Cadre corruption in post 1949 emanates from the organizational involution of the ruling party of the time. It is a historic cause that implicates the Chinese Communist Party, and the Mao era. The Chinese Communist Party formulated and implemented policies that gave way for corrupt practices. Its institutions, norms and protocols failed to acclimate to a changing post-Mao era. Every state that returns to normalcy after a regime of tyranny and terror suffers high probabilities of immense corruption. The administration that takes over from the dictators has a chief role to play in curbing the possibility of corrupt dealings booming past control. Some other socialist economies that underwent tremendous transitions and experienced unpredictable levels of corruption include post-Soviet Eastern Europe and central Asia. Post-Mao China experienced a similar challenge and corruption became the chief challenge to China’s social and economic development (Kwong, 76). The seed of corruption implanted decades ago has grown into a nightmare for China’s development. Economic freedom has fueled the vice. Corruption has had a great impact on the Chinese politics as politics has a huge impact on corruption. The height of corruption in the country undermines the legitimacy of Chinese Communist Party. A feeling of dissatisfaction by the citizens has led to several public unrests. The most notable of the public unrests is the Tiananmen protest movement of 1989. Citizens are increasingly growing impatient of the economic inequalities caused by the rotten institutions. The public becomes irritated by the levels at which corruption has led to undermining the environment. These factors fuel social unrest and lead to political instability. The political situation of the People’s Republic of China is shaky due to a discontented population. Popular perception of the Chinese people is that there are more corrupt and dishonest Chinese Communist Party (CPP) officials than honest ones. This i s in direct contrast to how the CCP officials were held in high regard in the early 1980s. Chinese elite hold a strong opinion that it is corruption, not quest for democracy that led to the 1989 unrest. Politics of China is to blame for the deep-rooted corruption. The traditional China viewed the leaders who subscribed to the Confucian concept of leadership as the politically correct. Legalists (leadership that valued government of the law) were enemies of the people. Government of the people

The effects of tobacco advertising on youths Research Paper - 1

The effects of tobacco advertising on youths - Research Paper Example In addition, the images in various advertisements relate tobacco smoking with accomplishment, liberty and as a way of relaxing (Farrelly et. al., 2001). Youthful age is considered as an age whereby individuals engage in experimentation process with various things. Therefore, tobacco use is depicted as alluring through the process of advertising, which is appealing to most youths. Furthermore, the media through various forms of adverting plays a role in terms of exposing the youth to tobacco use. Most advertising companies engage in the use of celebrities to promote various tobacco brands. Hence, the youth who mostly associate with celebrities are lured into smoking through advertising with this kind of advertising. Various reports have indicated the fact that the youth are considered as being more approachable to various forms of tobacco advertisements as compared to adults. The forms of advertising that are use by various companies involve print and promotional form of advertising. In addition, newspapers, magazines, and posters have been used by the tobacco industry as a media of advertising (Reddy et.al., 2006). The youthful period is regarded as a very crucial period of an individuals life. The actions of individuals during this stage greatly affect their future in terms of development and their careers. The youthful mainly illustrated by various passionate acts that can either be positive or negative in nature. During this stage, an individual engages in the process of experimentation with everything within their proximity. Tobacco smoking among the youth is considered as a vice that has far-reaching implications in terms of both the health and economic aspects. The main driving force to youth tobacco smoking is the advertisement that is mainly utilized by the tobacco industry (Pollay et. al., 1996). Therefore, advertising is considered as a powerful tool that is highly persuasive, especially among the youth. The process of advertising through